Smallpox vaccine was the earliest universal vaccination in Taiwan, and it occurred during the Japanese ruling era. This study used the official documents and statistics to research how its institutions implemented in Taiwan in 1896-1919, and how it associated with the statistical numbers. It was found that, first, the smallpox vaccine institution was frequently changed before 1900, then created its stable bottom in 1903-1906. Second, while the system was gradually stable after 1900, the ratio of the first injection and the second injection were both also getting stable, and had more connected with the smallpox epidemic. Especially after 1906 when started the whole 1-year children's vaccination, the above phenomenon was cleanlier. Third, at the time when the Taiwan Governor was not subdued the whole Taiwan yet before 1900, the ratio of the first injection in most of Taiwan were not connected with the epidemic directly, but might connected with the personnel matters like: Japanese army who stationed in Taiwan, local residents' race, and the government's control power and so on.
牛痘接種是臺灣最早的普及性預防接種，發生在日治時期。本文運用公文書和統計資?等史?，研究1896-1919?天花疫苗制?在臺灣如何執?，和其與統計?值變化間可能的關?。結果發現，一、痘苗接種的制?在1900?前因為因地制宜和符合民情而多有?迭，但隨時人認為之地方?政機關漸備、本島人衛生觀?漸進步和國家公共衛生的需求，1903-1906?間已建?日後臺灣種痘制?的最基礎架構。二、制?漸穩定的1900?後，臺灣的初種人口佔總人口比?，以及再種以上人?對應初種人?的比?，也同步呈現比值變化趨緩的趨勢，且與天花疫情的盛衰呼應。尤其1906?全幼童接種開始後，上述現象?明顯。三、在臺灣總督府對全臺統治?尚?穩固的1900?前，臺灣多?地區的初種佔比多寡與該地區的疫情較無直接關?。其原因另可考?駐臺日軍、住民種別、政府控制?等等人事差?。四、1906?後，天花接種在臺灣各地的實施是愈?愈穩定；此外，在1920?前，臺灣社會已經具有的整體天花免疫?，實已?容小覷。
