突發非預期死亡：從醫院到社區之喪慟支持台灣2008 年死亡原因人數中，意外事故佔總死亡率的30.8%，死亡原因包括：交通事故、墜落、火災、溺水。突發而非預期的死亡剝奪了善終的期待，家屬喪失道別與願望完成的機會，遺族比預期死亡的悲傷更加激烈而且持久。本研究擬探討以下問題： 1. 非預期死亡者之遺族的悲傷療癒經驗為何：包括遺族的特殊需求、專業治療及社區網絡被運用的情形 2. 醫院如何妥善回應突發死亡案例的遺族需求？ 3. 社區對於遺族的喪慟支持態度與回應能力為何？本研究希望達到以下目的： 1. 探索突發非預期死亡遺族的經驗，以作為遺族心理照護的理論依據。 2. 提升急重症醫療單位對於突發死亡病人家屬的照護品質，並將以醫院為基礎的喪慟支持延伸至社區為基礎的支持，促進支持的連續性。 3. 催化社區網絡對喪親者有更多支持意圖，擴大社會面對死亡的能力本研究設計三年計畫，第一年著重於深度訪談突發意外死亡者之遺族，使用質性研究法敘事分析遺族的經驗；第二年將結構性訪談各醫院社工師以及急重症醫護人員，探討醫院對於突發死亡家屬可再加強的協助與人員訓練；第三年採質性與量化研究同時進行，訪談社區相關組織對於突發非預期死亡家屬的服務狀況，並進行問卷調查以了解台灣社會對於意外死亡喪親者的支持態度與經驗。 Sudden and Unexpected Death： Bereavement Support from Hospital to Community Of the total number of deaths in Taiwan, 2008, 30.8% were due to accidents such as traffic accidents, falls, fires, and drowning. Sudden and unexpected death takes away from the deceased the chance of living a full, promising life, and from their family members the chance of bidding farewells. The bereaved who have lost loved ones to sudden and unexpected deaths often have more intense and enduring pain than the non-sudden/expected counterpart. The questions to be addressed this study are as follows： 1. To understand the healing process of those bereaved by unexpected deaths: including their special needs, and how professional treatments and community-based, non-professional treatments are utilized. 2. How do hospitals properly respond to the demands of those bereaved by sudden deaths? 3. How well does a community support and respond to those bereaved by unexpected deaths? How well do community-based official organizations assist those bereaved by sudden/unexpected deaths? How does the general public support those bereaved by unexpected deaths? Does a community have the will or the ability to support the bereaved of this kind? The objectives to be reached this study are as follows: 1. To explore the special needs of those bereaved by sudden/unexpected deaths and use the findings as the theoretic basis for counseling the bereaved. 2. To understand the experiences of medical teams in assisting those bereaved by accidental deaths, and to improve the quality of the care provided by emergency/trauma medical units for the bereaved. 3. To develop a bereavement-support based on hospitals and extends to communities, and facilitate the consistency of such a support. 4. To make community support networks more supportive of those bereaved by accidental deaths and improve the public’s ability to deal with death. As for the research design, this study will be implemented through a span of 3 years, and in the first of which in-depth interviews with those bereaved by sudden/accidental deaths will be conducted with a qualitative approach. In the second year a structured interview with hospitals’ social workers and ER/trauma medical staff will be conducted in order to discuss the potential assistance and training for dealing with the bereaved that can be included in hospitals. In the third year a qualitative experiment and a quantitative experiment will be conducted simultaneously, in which relevant community-based organizations will be interviewed on their experiences of supporting those bereaved by sudden/unexpected deaths, and a questionnaire survey will also be implemented in order to determine the attitude and experience of college students in Taiwan regarding the support of those bereaved by accidental deaths.
