English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Items with full text/Total items : 17938/22957 (78%)
Visitors : 7390999      Online Users : 193
RC Version 7.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/ir/handle/310902500/2678


    Title: 哺乳類動物著絲點 DNA 的分子結構及功能之研究(II)
    Study in the Molecular Structure and Function of Mammalian Centromeric DNA (II)
    Authors: 李月君
    Yang, Yua-Chung
    Contributors: 中山醫學大學生命科學系
    Keywords: 著絲點、衛星DNA、著絲點蛋白、著絲點蛋白鍵結特異序列
    Centromere, Satellite DNA element, Centromeric proteins (CENPs), Kinetochore binding DNA
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2010-11-05T10:48:25Z (UTC)
    Abstract: 著絲點、衛星DNA、著絲點蛋白、著絲點蛋白鍵結特異序列著絲點在有絲分裂及減數分裂的過程中扮演了相當重要的角色,它負責將姐妹染色分體平均分配至兩個子代細胞中有關。而功能不正常或失去功能的著絲點通常會造成染色體套數不完整的現象,也就是所謂的Aneuploid。在細胞遺傳學上的研究報告指出aneuploidy和自發性的流產,先天性的染色體疾病,如唐氏症和透納氏症,甚至與某些癌症的發生有關。近年來,有許多實驗室為了改良基因治療載體,於是致力於研究人類人造染色體的建構上。但想要了解Aneuploid 形成的機制及成功地建構人類人造染色體為基因治療的載體,就必須先透澈著絲點的功能及構造。著絲點在染色體上是以一種收縮的結構型態顯現,而其分子結構的基本元素包括鹼序列及特殊的蛋白質結構名Kinetochore(是以一種三層板狀的結構所構成,最外層是和紡錘絲連結,最內層是相連於著絲點DNA,中間是一層狹窄的透明區)。就目前所知,在高等的真核生物內,存在著高度複雜性的著絲點DNA族群,其中已確定的著絲點DNA 主要是由重複性的衛星DNA 所組成,舉例來說,阿爾發衛星DNA 是最主要著絲點DNA 且存在每個人類染色體著絲點上,而且阿爾發衛星DNA 的某些單元體內具有17 個鹼基對的CENP-B鍵結序列。因此曾被認為是支配人類染色體著絲點功能的衛星DNA。可惜的是,後來在某些異常染色體 (marker chromosomes)上發現具有功能的新生著絲點上並沒有阿爾發衛星DNA 的存在,而且近來研發的人造染色體構築中,若只是以重複的阿爾發衛星DNA作為著絲點DNA 的基本架構元素,通常無法穩定存在轉殖細胞中。從低等到高等的生物體,著絲點的衛星DNA 往往差異相當大,且在不同種族甚至同一種不同個體間也都不同;然而,著絲點的蛋白質的功能及構造卻保留相當大的一致性。正因如此,使得著絲點的構造及功能更加複雜且不易了解。印度山羌的染色體是獨特的,因為它擁有最少的染色體數目(2N=6♀,7♂)、最大的染色體、及不尋常的X+3複合著絲點。在先前的研究中,我們已選殖到三種印度山羌衛星DNA(分別為I、II 和IV),在原位螢光雜交及3-D影像建構的結果中,顯示衛星II DNA 及衛星IV DNA是以相同的螺旋方式圍繞在著絲點上,圍繞二圈而在X+3 複合著絲點上則圍繞四圈,每一圈約由六個原位螢光訊號所形成;而Kinetochore仍是以兩條平行對稱的方式排列在衛星DNA的外側,每條約有四個免疫螢光訊號在X+3 的複合著絲點上。此一結果說明了衛星DNA的螺旋結構可能是為了將著絲點染色質絲表現在染色體的外側,使其能夠支配kinetochore的蛋白質的包裝,且和紡錘絲作用。然而這並不足以說明這兩種衛星DNA 可和kinetochore上的蛋白質直接鍵結。因此我們利用染色質絲免疫沉澱法直接找到kinetochore蛋白質的鍵結DNA 片段,再以此一DNA 當作探針搜尋BAC 基因庫以找到完整的kinetochore鍵結序列。首先我們已成功取得kinetochore上建構蛋白質的鍵結DNA 片段,至於基因庫的部分,我們已得到6700個BAC菌株,涵蓋0.1 個基因組,目前仍繼續建構中。
    Centromere plays a pivotal role during mitosis and meiosis. Malfunctioned centromere would result in aneuploidy that causes aberrant chromosome number in the complement. Epidemically reported that aneuploidy is associated with disorders such as spontaneous abortion, birth defect (e.g. Down syndrome, Klinfelter syndrome, Tuner syndrome, etc.) and some neoplasia. Recently, several laboratories have endowed in the construction of human artificial chromosomes with centromeric DNA for gene therapy intervention. In order to unveil the enigma of aneuploidy and to construct successfully artificial chromosomes for gene therapy intervention, it is an important and necessary to understanding the molecular architecture and composition of centromere. Several detailed analyses have demonstrated that the centromere contains various centromeric DNA and an exquisite and dramatic proteinaceous structure, the kinetochore, which in turn interacts with the spindle microtubules. Satellite DNA is a predominant and ubiquitous centromeric DNA in mammals. Alphoid satellite DNA, the major centromeric satellite DNA of human chromosomes, was considered a sufficient component for a functional centromere in the construction of human artificial minichromosomes. It was not questioned until alphoid satellite DNA was not found in some mitotically stable markers with functional centromere. Moreover, taken the available data from yeast to man, the centromere sequence and sequence organization have diverged significantly, even amongst different chromosomes of a single organism; however, overall centromere and kinetochore components might be significantly more conserved than thought previously.
    URI: https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/handle/310902500/2678
    Appears in Collections:[生物醫學科學學系暨碩士班] 研究計劃

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    李月君.pdf國科會計劃報告書63KbAdobe PDF598View/Open


    SFX Query

    All items in CSMUIR are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback