Ex Vivo Evaluation of Gingival Ablation with Various Laser Systems and Electroscalpel

doi:10.1089/photob.2019.4713

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Title:	Ex Vivo Evaluation of Gingival Ablation with Various Laser Systems and Electroscalpel
Authors:	Kawamura, R;Mizutani, K;Lin, TC;Kakizaki, S;Mimata, A;Watanabe, K;Saito, N;Meinzer, W;Iwata, T;Izumi, Y;Aoki, A
Keywords:	laser;gingiva;ablation;temperature change;thermal coagulation
Date:	2020
Issue Date:	2022-08-09T08:04:13Z (UTC)
Publisher:	MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
Abstract:	Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic and multifaceted comparison of thermal effects during soft tissue ablation with various lasers and an electroscalpel (ES). Materials and methods: Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, CO2, Diode, Nd:YAG lasers (1 W, pulsed or continuous wave), an ES, and a scalpel (Sc; control), were employed for porcine gingival tissue ablation. Temperature changes during ablation were measured by using an infrared thermal imaging camera and a thermocouple. After ablations, the wounds were observed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histological sections were analyzed. Compositional analysis was also performed on ablated sites by SEM wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: The surface temperature during irradiation was highest with CO2 (over 500 degrees C), followed by Diode (267 degrees C) and Nd:YAG (258 degrees C), Er:YAG (164 degrees C), ES (135 degrees C), and Er,Cr:YSGG (85 degrees C). Carbonization was negligible (Er:YAG), slight (Er,Cr:YSGG), moderate (Nd:YAG and ES), and severe (CO2 and Diode). Under SEM observation, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG showed smooth surfaces but other devices resulted in rough appearances. Histologically, the coagulated and thermally affected layer was extremely minimal (38 mu m in thickness) and free from epithelial collapse for Er:YAG. Compared with other devices, less compositional surface change was detected with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG; additionally, the use of water spray further minimized thermal influence. Conclusions: Among various power devices, Er:YAG laser showed the most efficient and refined gingival ablation with minimal thermal influence on the surrounding tissues. Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with water spray could be considered as minimally invasive power devices for soft tissue surgery.
URI:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4713 https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000525259800001 https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/handle/310902500/24552
Relation:	PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY ,2020 ,v38 ,issue 6 ,p364-373
Appears in Collections:	[researcher portal] Artical

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