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| Title: | 麻醉醫學先驅華岡青洲的文藝與其紫雲膏的運用( I )
Japanese Anesthesia Pioneer Hanaoka Seish’s Literary Legacy and His Application of the Ointment “Shiunko” (I) |
| Authors: | 蕭燕婉 |
| Contributors: | 中山醫學大學應用外國語言學系 |
| Keywords: | 華岡青洲,漢詩,紫雲膏,江戶時代醫療史
Hanaoka Seishū,Chinese poetry,Shiunko,Medical history in the Edo era |
| Date: | 2014-10 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-07-13T08:48:37Z (UTC)
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| Abstract: | 華岡青洲（1760-1835），出生紀州國上那賀郡名手（和歌山縣那智郡平山村），乃日本江戶時代折衷漢、蘭兩派的醫師。他在人類醫學史上最重要的貢獻莫過於1804年10月13日成功的以其發明之經口全身麻醉藥（通仙散）完成乳癌摘除手術。 華岡青洲23歲到京都遊學三年，首先跟隨吉益南涯（1750-1813）學習古醫方，接著向大和見立(1749-82）學習外科技術，儒學則受教於桃谷華洲。遊學京都期間，除了努力吸取當時最先進的醫療知識，還創作了不少動人的漢詩。這些漢詩紀錄了他個人的情志與思想，亦如實的描繪了當時京都的生活。 截至目前為止，學者的研究焦點多集中在華岡青洲在醫學上的表現，故本計劃第一年擬從文學的角度出發，透過吳秀山著《華岡青洲先生及其外科》所收的《青洲先生詩集》，解讀其在京都遊學時的無限心事與城市印象。另外，透過詩集可以發現他不僅與醫師、弟子互通詩文，也跟江戶後期的著名畫家野呂介石（1747-1824）、精通漢詩與書法的眼科醫師武元登登庵（1767-1818）、受業菅茶山門下的僧侶乘如上人（1759-1835）等在野文化人相互往來。故亦擬檢討華岡青洲之人際交流網，掌握其人文精神與江戶後期醫、儒交流之具體情況。 華岡青洲曾根據明代名醫陳實功（1555-1636）之中醫外科巨著《外科正宗》所載之「潤肌膏」，改良成「紫雲膏」，此藥可治療白癬、白斑等皮膚病，在兩百多年後的台灣，仍廣為人知。不過，有趣的是，淵源於中國明代處方的「紫雲膏」，目前在日本臨床醫學的研究與實際運用似乎比台灣更積極。 故本計劃第二年擬從醫學的角度出發，透過紫雲膏處方成立過程之考察，剖析傳統中國醫學如何在日本流傳以及日本化的現象，另外，也將比較目前日本與台灣對紫雲膏的基礎醫學研究與臨床研究成果、檢討東亞傳統醫學如何與現代社會產生互動，藉此評價華岡青洲在醫學史上的貢獻同時突顯江戶時代的醫藥與亞洲相互交涉的重要意義。
Hanaoka Seishū (1760-1835), born in Meishu, Kaminakacho, was a Japanese doctor of the Edo era who integrated his knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine with western surgical techniques learned through Rangaku (literally Dutch Learning). His most significant contribution in the history of medical sciences was that he successfully performed general anesthesia by using his own oral formula “tsūsensan” in a partial mastectomy for breast cancer on October 13, 1804. Hanaoka Seishū went to Kyoto at the age of 23 (in 1782) and studied there for three years. While first learning ancient Chinese prescriptions from Yoshimasu Nangai (1750-1813) and then surgical techniques from Yamato Kenryu (1749-82), he also learned Confucianism from Momotani Kashu. In addition to eagerly absorbing the state-of-the-art medical knowledge, Hanaoka also wrote many beautiful Chinese poems during his stay in Kyoto. His poetry not only recorded his feelings and thoughts but also vividly depicted the contemporary life of Kyoto. As previous studies mainly focus on Hanaoka Seishū’s medical practices, this two-year research project is aimed at studying Hanaoka Seishū from literary perspectives in the first year by examining and interpreting his sentiments and impressions of Kyoto during his three-year stay recorded in the Collection of Hanaoka Seishū’s Poetry compiled as part of Hanaoka Seishu Sensei Oyobi Sono Geka [literally Hanaoka Seishū and His Surgery] by ure Shū . Moreover, as shown in his poetry, Hanaoka not only exchanged literary ideas with his pupils and other doctors but also established a direct connection with some intellectuals of the late Edo era who did not work in the public sector, such as Noro Kaiseki (1747-1824, a famous painter), Takemoto Totoan (1767-1818, an ophthalmologist who mastered Chinese poetry and calligraphy), and Jonyo (1759-1835, a monk who was taught by Kan Chazan). Therefore, Hanaoka’s interpersonal relationships with his contemporaries are also to be examined in order to better understand his spirit of humanity as well as the situation of how doctors interacted with Confucian believers in the late Edo era. Hanaoka Seishū was also noted for his ointment “Shiunko”, a refined version of “Run Ji Gao (literally skin moistening ointment)”, the formula of which was documented in the Orthodox Surgical Treatment, a masterpiece of Chinese surgical medicine written by Chen Shi-Gong (1555-1636), an eminent doctor during the Míng China period. Shiunko is used to treat some skin diseases, such as pityriasis alba and vitiligo, and still widely known in Taiwan in spite of its first application in Japan more than two centuries ago. However, interestingly, Shiunko, which has its origin in Míng China, seems to have been more extensively used in clinical medicine research and practical application in Japan than in Taiwan. Hence, during the second year of this research project, the process of developing the formula of Shiunko will be scrutinized from medical perspectives, and how traditional Chinese medicine was spread and Japanized in Japan will be explored and analyzed. Furthermore, a comparison of the results of basic medical research and clinical research on Shiunko conducted in Japan and Taiwan will be made, and how traditional medicine interacts with modern society in East Asia will be examined and discussed, through which Hanaoka Seishū’s contribution in the medical history may be evaluated while the profound significance of the interaction between Japan’s medical development in the Edo era and the other corners of Asia may be highlighted. |
| URI: | https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/ir/handle/310902500/14838 |
| Appears in Collections: | [生物醫學科學學系暨碩士班] 研究計劃
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