| Abstract: | 組織與全身性發炎反應和氧化壓力增加已知是與肥胖有關，高脂飲食所誘導之肥胖會使氧化壓力與氧化態穀胱甘?含量增加，造成還原態穀胱甘?、穀胱甘?過氧化?、穀胱甘?還原?與穀胱甘?轉移?之活性降低。但近來實驗與流行病學研究證實，乙醯胺酚 (acetaminophen) 是與氧化壓力升高有關，其亦與肝功能損傷有關。乙醯胺酚是世界上最廣泛使用之止痛藥與退熱劑。然而乙醯胺酚誘導肥胖大鼠之細胞激素與氧化壓力改變目前仍缺乏相關研究報導，因此本研究將探討乙醯胺酚對正常與肥胖大鼠之細胞激素與氧化壓力改變之影響。研究結果得知，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，可較肥胖大鼠減少體重、腎周圍脂肪與副睪脂肪重量。肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，會較肥胖大鼠提升血清總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、天門冬胺酸胺基轉移?、丙胺酸胺基轉移?、介白素-6與介白素-1β。此外，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，會較正常大鼠給予乙醯胺酚增加丙胺酸胺基轉移?與天門冬胺酸胺基轉移?之含量。在總抗氧化能力與丙二醛含量上，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，顯著較肥胖大鼠降低肝臟之總抗氧化能力，並增加肝臟與血清之丙二醛含量。而在肝臟抗氧化酵素上，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後會顯著較肥胖大鼠降低肝臟麩胱甘?、麩胱甘?還原?與過氧化氫?活性。在肝組織切片上，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，肝門脈與肝小葉區之發炎狀態會較正常大鼠給予乙醯胺酚更為嚴重。在肝臟基因表現上，肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，會較肥胖大鼠顯著提升代謝酵素CYP2E1基因與發炎相關基因 (MCP-1、IL-6、Stat1、Stat3、Jak2與SOCS3) 之表現。而肥胖大鼠給予乙醯胺酚後，會較正常大鼠給予乙醯胺酚降低抗氧化基因 (HO-1、catalase、γ-GCS、GPx1、GPx4、SOD1、SOD2與Nrf2) 與增加促氧化基因 (p47phox與Nox1) 表現。綜合以上結果得知，給予乙醯胺酚會更顯著增加高脂飲食所誘導之氧化壓力升高。
Obesity is associated with increased tissue and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Obesity induced by high-fat diets enhances oxidative stress and glutathione disulfide content, and reduces the level of glutathione and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. Several experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acetaminophen has been associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress, which also causes impaired liver functions. Acetaminophen is the most widely used pharmaceutical analgesic and antipyretic agent in the world. However, the literature regarding the effect of acetaminophen-induced changes of cytokines and oxidative stress in obese rats remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluation of the effect of acetaminophen-induced changes of cytokines and oxidative stress in normal and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. The data indicated that body weight, perirenal adipose tissue, and epididymal adipose tissue in high fat diet-low dose-acetaminophen (HLA) and high fat diet-high dose-acetaminophen (HHA) groups were significantly decreased as compared to the HFD group. Serum parameter levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β in HHA group was significantly increased as compared to the HFD group. The serum parameter levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in HHA group was significantly increased as compared to the normal diet-high dose-acetaminophen (NHA) group. In the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic TEAC in HLA and HHA groups were significantly decreased as compared to the HFD group. Moreover, hepatic and serum levels of MDA in HHA group was significantly increased as compared to the HFD group. In the hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activities, the levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase, and catalase in HHA group was significantly decreased as compared to the HFD group. The pathological results show that the scores of portal inflammation and intralobular degeneration and inflammation in HLA and HHA groups were significantly increased as compared to normal diet-low dose-acetaminophen (NLA) and NHA groups. In the molecular mechanism, hepatic gene expressions of CYP2E1, MCP-1, IL-6, Stat1, Stat3, Jak2, and SOCS3 in HHA group were significantly increased as compared to the HFD group. Hepatic antioxidant related genes of HO-1, catalase, γ-GCS, GPx1, GPx4, SOD1, SOD2, and Nrf2 in HHA group was significantly decreased as compared to the NHA group. Hepatic pro-oxidant related genes of p47phox and Nox1 in HHA group was significantly increased as compared to the NHA group. These results demonstrated that the intake of acetaminophen can enhance oxidative stress and cause impaired liver functions in rats fed a high-fat diet. |
