本研究探討不同程度之正、負增強性檳榔渴求者在注意力偏誤測驗上表現之差異，以及在視覺注意力處理上的歷程。研究對象為105位檳榔嚼食者與20位非檳榔嚼食者，使用雙因素檳榔渴求量表測量檳榔渴求程度，並使用視覺偵測作業(visual probe task)測量注意力偏誤。在視覺偵測作業中，受試者需對出現在檳榔或非檳榔之後的偵測點作按鍵反應，若受試者對出現在檳榔之後的偵測點反應較出現在非檳榔後的偵測點反應快，亦即代表檳榔注意力偏誤。研究結果顯示高正增強性渴求之檳榔嚼食者出現注意力偏誤反應；而中等程度負增強性渴求之檳榔嚼食者亦出現注意力偏誤反應。此外，此研究發現注意力偏誤相較於maintence(2000毫秒)與subliminal(17毫秒)階段，較穩定地出現在initial orientating(200毫秒)視覺注意力處理階段。在文中亦針對本文獻之理論與臨床意義做詳盡討論。
英文摘要：Current study investigated how positive and negative forms of reinforcing cravings distinctively contributed to attentional bias toward areca-related stimuli among betel nut chewers, as well as the underlying cognitive process of attentional bias. A hundred and five betel nut chewers and 20 non-chewers were assessed with a bi-factor craving questionnaire and completed a visual probe task. In the task, they were instructed to react to a probe located after an areca or after a non-areca related stimulus; faster reaction times toward the probe after areca-stimuli indicated betel nut attentional bias. Results revealed betel nut chewers with high positive reinforcing craving levels exhibit attentional bias toward areca-related cues, whereas betel nut chewers with moderate negative reinforcing craving levels were likely to possess attentional bias. Moreover, attentional biases seem to be more steadily found in the initial orienting processing (200 ms) in comparison to the subliminal (17 ms) or maintenances (2000 ms) phrase of attentional processing. Theoretical and clinical implications were thoroughly discussed in the article.
