| Abstract: | 不論是製造業或服務業，有很多工作仍然需要人工來進行搬運。一般而言，
人工物料搬運作業係指物料被抬舉、卸下、提攜、握持、推或拉等。有鑑於人工
物料搬運所造成的生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害的嚴重性，已有很多研究深入探討其
危害成因。在這些人工物料搬運作業中，因執行人工抬舉與提攜作業而導致之健
康危害是最受矚目與關注的。相對而言，推/拉作業所產生之不良健康效應並未
受到重視，然而，根據研究發現大約50％左右的人工物料搬運工作是推拉作業。
因此，如何減輕作業人員執行推/拉作業產生之生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害，是值
得進一步研究。本研究以二年時間完成此研究計畫，第一年探討平坦地面推/拉
作業之地面、推車重量與推車型式對於作業人員之生理負荷與肌肉骨骼傷害；第
二年評估傾斜地面推/拉作業之作業特性與傾斜角度對於作業人員之生理負荷與
肌肉骨骼傷害之影響。
第一年研究結果顯示，受試者斜方肌的負荷顯著大於二頭肌；在慣用手受
力方面，推車重量為一顯著因素，在重量越重的時候手部施力也越大，而在起步、
持續與結束的三階段中，以起步時，手部受力最大。由主觀評量表中發現，受測
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者認為草地負荷度較高，其次為碎石地，最後為柏油路。第二年研究結果顯示，
受測者推動載重90 公斤之推車，肌肉受力顯著高於其他兩種載重，地面傾斜角
度10ｏ的斜坡，受測者各肌肉受力亦顯著大於其他兩種地面傾斜角度，而推車類
型，在單輪推車下，肌肉受力情形也大於雙輪推車。綜合二年研究成果，本研究
建議使用營造用推車時，以使用雙輪推車，在傾斜地面進行推車作業時，推車重
量與地面傾斜角度應加以控制，以避免過度施力.
In many manufacturing and service industries, the manual handling of materials
still remains a substantial part of work. In general, manual materials handling (MMH)
means that objects are being lifted, lowered, carried, held, pushed or pulled by hand.
The occupational physiological workloads and musculoskeletal injuries may result
from manual materials handling. In consideration of manual materials handling
associated with serious problem on physiological workloads and musculoskeletal
injuries, many studies concerned with health complaints related to MMH has mainly
been focused at lifting and carrying loads. Less attention has been paid to pushing and
pulling. However, it has been estimated that nearly half of MMH consists of pushing
and pulling. Hence, whether other ergonomics improvements can reduce workers’
physiological workloads and musculoskeletal disorders is needed to further
consideration. This study will proceed in two years. The first year, evaluation the
effects of work surface, weight of carts, and type of carts on physiological workloads
and musculoskeletal disorders of workers during pushing/ pulling work on a flat
surface; the second year,, assessment the effects of the work situation and inclination
angles on physiological workloads, musculoskeletal disorders and gait balance of
workers during pushing/ pulling work on a slope surface.
The tasks have been completed in two years are as followed. In the first year results
indicated that subject’s biceps loading increased significantly than the load of trapezius
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during pushing tasks. Furthermore, the cart weigh is a remarkable factor for hand
exerting force. Additional, the experimental results also indicated hand exertion was
significantly higher in initial phase than the sustained phase and final phase. Results from
the subjective rating of musculoskeletal discomfort showed that grassland was the most
pronounced, followed by gravel surface, and asphalt pavement during pushing tasks. In
the second year results show that cart load and inclination angles significantly affected
muscular activities while pushing construction carts. Additionally, 90 kg card load and 10
ｏ inclination surface also generated the highest muscle load comparing to the other
situations. Muscular activity increased significantly in dominant hand with the
one-wheeled cart when compared with the two-wheeled cart, suggesting that, in terms of
muscle loads, the two-wheeled cart is better than the one-wheeled cart, the cart load and
inclination angles should be controlled to reduce the muscular loads. |
