Aim: To evaluate the relationship between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) treatment and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in diabetic patients. Methods: We used the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for this population-based and population-matched cohort design study. Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sumtests were used to evaluate the association between categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to estimate the risk of CRS and DPP4i users. Results: A total of 6198 diabetic patients were included in this cohort study. DPP4i users had a lower risk of developing CRS. The risk of CRS was significantly lower in women, patients with a Diabetes Complications Severity Index score higher than 4, patients with comorbidities, and patients with higher cumulative defined daily dose in the DPP4i group. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that the use of DPP4i treatment could decrease CRS risk in diabetic patients in Taiwan.
