Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

doi:10.3390/healthcare9040413

中山醫學大學機構典藏 CSMUIR > 中山醫學大學研究成果 > 期刊論文 > Item 310902500/23498

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/ir/handle/310902500/23498

Title:	Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients
Authors:	Chen, HL;Fang, JCC;Chang, CJ;Wu, TF;Wang, IK;Fu, JF;Huang, YC;Yen, JS;Weng, CH;Yen, TH
Keywords:	cadmium;exposure;dental caries;orthodontic
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2022-08-05T09:38:14Z (UTC)
Publisher:	MDPI
Abstract:	Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 mu g/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 mu g/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 +/- 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 +/- 5.54, including 2.03 +/- 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 +/- 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 +/- 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 +/- 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 +/- 5.53 for Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27-34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.
URI:	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040413 https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000643081800001 https://ir.csmu.edu.tw:8080/handle/310902500/23498
Relation:	HEALTHCARE ,2021,v9,issue 4
Appears in Collections:	[中山醫學大學研究成果] 期刊論文

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