目的：提取-消除程序(retrieval-extinction procedure)，是運用在成癮的動物實驗及人類研究的熱門議題，許多研究支持此程序能夠有效減少欲求行為並預防復發。而厭惡療法(aversion therapy)也經常被運用在成癮記憶中，以減輕藥物渴求。有鑑於過量攝取含糖茶飲會引發許多健康問題，本研究欲檢驗提取-嫌惡程序是否比一般的提取-消除程序更能有效削弱含糖茶飲慣用者的內隱及外顯態度偏好，及飲茶行為。
材料與方法：研究對象為107位含糖茶飲慣用者，並被隨機分派至四組：(1) Ext. only組：僅進行消除程序、(2) R-E 10min組：接受提取10分鐘後，進行消除程序、(3) R-E 6h組：接受提取6小時後，進行消除程序、(3) R- Aversive 10min組：接受提取10分鐘後，改以嫌惡刺激進行消除程序。並在實驗操弄前後，及實驗一周後，測量參與者內隱及外顯態度偏好，並記錄飲茶行為。內隱態度以視覺偵測作業(VPT)及情緒促發作業(APT)測量參與者的注意力偏誤及內隱態度連結；外顯態度採用視覺類比量表(VAS)及問卷探討參與者的主觀渴求與正負向預期；而飲茶行為則以追蹤表紀錄。
結果：研究結果顯示，提取-嫌惡程序及提取-消除程序，均未削弱參與者的內隱及外顯態度偏好，亦無減少未來一週的茶飲行為。
結論：本研究揭示將提取-消除程序運用在人類成癮記憶之困難，未來研究可持續探索提取-消除程序相關的邊界條件及神經機制，以利發展更具療效的情緒及成癮記憶之介入方案。
PURPOSE: The retrieval-extinction procedure is a popular issue applied in animal experiments and human studies in addiction. Many studies support this procedure to effectively reduce the addictive behavior and prevent relapse. And aversion therapy is often used in addictive memory to reduce drug cravings. In view of the many health problems caused by excessive intake of sugary tea, we aimed to examine that R-Aversive procedure may be more effective than the typical retrieval-extinction procedure in attenuating sugary tea drinkers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward sugary tea, and their drinking behaviors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 107 sugary tea drinkers were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) the Ext. only group: only received the extinction procedure, (2) R-E 10min group: received the retrieval-extinction with 10 min delay, (3) R-E 6hr group: received the retrieval-extinction with 6 h delay, (4) R-Aversive 10min group: received the retrieval-extinction(replaced the extinction phase with a repeated exposure of sugary tea-related aversive stimuli) with 10 min delay. Before and immediately after the experiment, and follow-up a week, we measured drinkers’ explicit and implicit attitudes toward sugary tea, and also record their drinking behaviors. For implicit attitudes, we used the visual probe task and the affective priming task to measure participants’ attention bias and implicit memory associations. For explicit attitudes, we used the visual analog scale and questionnaires to measure participants’ subjective craving and positive/negative expectancies. And the participants’ drinking behaviors recorded by the follow-up sheet.
RESULTS: The results revealed that neither the R-Aversive procedure nor the typical retrieval-extinction procedure could attenuate sugary tea drinkers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward sugary tea, and their drinking behaviors for a week after the experiment.
CONCLUSION: We discussed the difficulty in applying the retrieval-extinction procedure in human’s addictive memory. Further studies could explore the boundary condictions and neural mechanism of this procedure, in order to develop a more effective emotional and addictive memory intervention program.
