| Abstract: | 本研究旨在探討擇前審思（中庸思維和未來長程取向思維）對五大人格（外向性、友善性、審慎性、神經質、開放性）與幸福感（主觀幸福感和心理幸福感）關係的調節作用。本研究以臺灣大學生為研究對象，分別對臺灣北部、中部、南部、東部的部分大學進行取樣，取得有效樣本741位。使用五大人格因素問卷（BFI）、中庸思維量表、未來長程取向思維量表、生活滿意度量表（SWLS）、平衡式情感量表（ABS）與心理幸福感量表（PWBS）為研究工具。所得資料以相關分析、描述性統計、階層迴歸分析和簡單斜率分析進行研究分析。主要是以階層迴歸方式先控制住背景變項的影響，之後再投入主要變項、調節變項及兩者的交互作用項，接著再以簡單斜率分析來探討交互作用（調節效果）的細部情形。 本研究結果發現：（1）在主觀幸福感上，中庸思維會與外向性以及與審慎性發生交互作用。亦即對於外向性與主觀幸福感的關係之間，以及審慎性與主觀幸福感的關係之間，中庸思維皆有調節效果（2）在主觀幸福感上，未來長程取向思維會與友善性發生交互作用。亦即在友善性與主觀幸福感的關係之間，中庸思維會有調節效果（3）在心理幸福感上，中庸思維會與友善性發生交互作用。亦即在友善性與心理幸福感的關係之間，中庸思維會有調節效果（4）在心理幸福感上，未來長程取向思維會與友善性發生交互作用。亦即在友善性與心理幸福感的關係之間，未來長程取向思維會有調節效果。 簡單斜率的分析顯示，擇前審思皆能提升五大人格對幸福感的影響（神經質反向），相較於低擇前審思者，整體而言，高擇前審思者的五大人格提升其幸福感的傾向更強（神經質反向），亦即高擇前審思者的簡單斜率比低擇前審思者的簡單斜率還要陡，儘管大部分的提升程度差異不夠大，亦即交互作用不顯著，但此變化趨勢仍值得注意。 另外，本研究也與過去的研究一致：（1）部分家中月收入、性別、父親教育程度、母親教育程度與部分五大人格、幸福感、擇前審思有顯著相關（2）五大人格皆可以顯著地預測主觀幸福感與心理幸福感（3）擇前審思的中庸思維與未來長程取向思維皆可以顯著地預測主觀幸福感與心理幸福感。 本研究根據研究結果與討論提出研究的結論與限制，亦提供相關建議給後續研究者與臨床工作者作為參考。The purpose of the study was to explore the roles of ze-qian-shen-si (zhong-yong thinking style and Future-oriented long-term orientation)in moderating relationships between big five personality (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness) and well-being. There were 741 college students participated in this survey from north, central, south and east Taiwan. Big five personality scale, zhong-yong thinking style scale, future-oriented long-term orientation scale, satisfaction with life scale, affect balance scale and psychological well-being scale were used in this survey. Correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Zhong-yong thinking style interacted with extraversion and with conscientiousness, respectively in subjective well-being. In other words, zhong-yong thinking style moderated relationships between extraversion and subjective well-being as well as between conscientiousness and subjective well-being. 2. Future-oriented long-term orientation interacted with agreeableness in subjective well-being. In other words, future-oriented long-term orientation moderated relationships between agreeableness and subjective well-being. 3. Zhong-yong thinking style interacted with agreeableness in psychological well-being. In other words, zhong-yong thinking style moderated relationships between agreeableness and psychological well-being. 4. Future-oriented long-term orientation interacted with agreeableness in psychological well-being. In other words, future-oriented long-term orientation moderated relationships between agreeableness and psychological well-being. The simple slope analysis shows that the ze-qian-shen-si can improve the big five personality''s effects on well-being (neuroticism reversed). Compared with the low ze-qian-shen-si i, the high ze-qian-shen-si ''s five personality traits obtained stronger well-being (neuroticism reversed).Although most of improvements were not big enough (the interactions were not significant), the trend is still worth notice. In addition, the study was also consistent with the past research: 1. Some of monthly income, gender, father''s education level and mother''s education level significantly correlated with some of the big five personality, well-being and ze-qian-shen-si. 2. The big five personality can significantly predict subjective well-being and psychological well-being. 3. Ze-qian-shen-si (zhong-yong thinking style and future-oriented long-term orientation) can significantly predict subjective well-being and psychological well-being. Finally, conclusions and limitations were offered according to the results and discussions. Some suggestions were provided for researchers and clinicians. |
