兒童是國家未來的主人翁，嬰幼兒期更是身心發展的關鍵時期。過去的研究顯示，父母親之人文及社經背景、照護模式、養育態度以及社會福利政策與健康資源等因素，都會影響所生育子女的身心健康狀況，乃至於子女的人格特質與學習成就的表現。本論文擬探討之問題包括：母親的人口學特性和健康行為與幼兒健康指標之關係，父親的人口學特性和健康行為與幼兒健康指標之關係，以及照顧行為與幼兒健康指標之關係。本論文所探討的台灣出生世代研究先驅研究調查(II)乃以先驅研究調查(I)抽樣所得之幼兒(與其母親或主要照顧者)計1783人為對象，於民國94年5月至7月進行出生後十八個月時之訪視調查，問卷內容包含父母親之人文及社經背景、照護模式與幼兒之健康狀態、發展、健康照護及罹病情形。總計有1620人(90.9%)完成先驅研究(II)訪視調查，無法完成的主要原因為拒訪。將經過卡方檢定後所得到之具有顯著意義的自變項納入，然後進行多變項邏輯迴歸分析。結果顯示：十八個月大幼兒體重落後(<15 percentile)之預測因子含幼兒性別、是否為早產兒以及是否為低出生體重；幼兒十八個月發展情況的預測因子含幼兒性別、是否為低出生體重以及父親是否期望懷孕；B型肝炎疫苗接種率之預測因子含幼兒是否為母親期望的性別和居住地區；幼兒是否曾住院之預測因子為母親是否吸菸；幼兒是否送過急診之預測因子含幼兒性別、母親生產後有無再懷孕、母親是否吸菸及是否另有6歲以下小孩；幼兒是否曾因意外事故送醫之預測因子為母親是否吸菸。針對十八個月大幼兒之先驅性調查顯示：幼兒之生長發育存在著男女差異及受出生時是否早產、低出生體重及父親期望懷孕與否影響；至於幼兒疫苗接種率，則與幼兒是否為母親期望的性別及居住地區有關；而關於幼兒罹病及就醫之情形，則主要與母親是否有危害健康行為如吸菸、母親是否再懷孕、幼兒性別以及是否另有6歲以下小孩有關。以上之發現，希望能有助於未來對於幼兒健康狀況相關因素之釐清，以及作為將來更進一步研究之參考。 The purpose of this pilot study of 18-month-old babies of TBCS (Taiwan Birth Cohort Study) is to explore the relationship between parental variables and child health. Mothers or main caregivers of 1783 babies had previously completed the questionnaire for the pilot study of 6-month-old babies of TBCS. This time, the 1783 babies (with their mothers or main caregives) are the subjects of the pilot study of 18-month-old babies of TBCS. A questionnaire was conducted to obtain parental variables and child health through interviewing the mothers or main caregivers of children during May and July, 2005. Mothers or main caregivers of total 1620 children completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 90.9%. The major reason for non-response was refusal. The predictive factors for the children whose body weight less than 15 percentile were gender, prematurity, and low birth weight. The predictive factors for the growth and development of children were gender, low birth weight, and the father’s pregnancy intention. The predictive factors for the vaccination rate of hepatitis B were the mother’s gender expectation for this baby and living area. The predictive factor of hospitalization was maternal smoking. The predictive factors of the baby ever been sent to emergency room were gender, whether the mother was pregnant again, maternal smoking, and if any other children under the age of 6. The predictive factor of whether babies ever been sent to hospital due to accidents was maternal smoking. According to the results of the pilot study of 18-month-old babies of the TBCS, the conclusions are as follows. Gender difference, prematurity, low birth weight, and the father’s pregnancy intention were related to the growth and development of babies. The mother’s gender expectation for this baby and living area were related to the vaccination rate. Maternal smoking, whether the mother was pregnant again, gender, and if any other children under the age of 6 were related to sickness and hospitalization of babies.
