| 摘要: | SARS於2003年橫掃全球，對醫療生態與工作環境造成重大衝擊與影響，尤其面臨第一線“發燒篩檢站”的急診室護理人員，更是引發極度的恐慌與壓力，其身、心、靈所受的煎熬與專業衝擊，無一不加重累積急診室護理人員的高度工作壓力。本研究採回溯性調查法，目的在於了解急診室護理人員面臨SARS的工作壓力來源、壓力反應、因應方式與調適情形，並探討個人屬性、工作壓力源及壓力調適間之相關性及差異﹔採類聚性隨機抽樣，以中部醫學中心之急診室護理人員為研究對象，利用結構性問卷輔以開放性問題進行資料收集，共166份有效問卷，應用SPSS 10.0 for Windows PC軟體，並以描述性統計、Pearson’s correlation coefficient、t test、ANOVA分析資料，結果顯示：急診室護理人員於SARS流行期間主要的工作壓力來源為：社會輿論與傳播媒體對護理人員的負面報導、工作時需長時間穿著隔離裝備、進出隔離區繁瑣的隔離裝備之穿與脫、對此疾病的陌生、知識不足與恐懼、病患病情嚴重程度與危急狀況﹔主要的壓力反應：不安、焦慮、疲憊、容易心煩、生氣、易怒﹔主要的壓力調適方法：看電視或閱讀、與同事討論自己的問題、面對問題並解決難題、與家人討論自己的問題、喝含咖啡因飲料﹔護理人員自覺幫助程度最大之調適方法：面對問題並解決難題、與同事討論自己的問題、看電視或閱讀、休假、與家人討論自己的問題、使用漸進性的放鬆技巧、喝含咖啡因飲料等﹔而護理人員工作壓力與壓力反應及正、負向壓力調適方法之使用頻率均達顯著正相關﹔正向壓力調適方法之使用頻率與調適效果達顯著正相關﹔護理人員個人屬性在其工作壓力、壓力反應、使用之壓力調適策略與整體壓力調適情形上均達顯著差異水準，但個人屬性在調適策略使用後之自覺幫助程度上，並無統計上顯著水準之關係。本研究結果可作為未來各種新興疾病或爆發重大流行病之借鏡，並提供管理者作為擬定政策的依據與教育訓練內容之參考，得以協助護理人員及早認知自我壓力並建立適合自己的壓力調適方法，以較正向的調適行為來面對工作壓力，期提昇照護病患之整體醫療品質。
The outbreak of SARS in 2003 have a great impact on the global medical health care delivery system. It induced extreme panic and stress, especially for ER nurses. The shock of ER nurses physically and mentally increased their job stress very much. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between job stressors, stress responses and coping strategies in ER nurses confronting SARS crisis. Study subjects were 166 ER nurses from medical centers in middle Taiwan by cluster random sampling. Data was obtained through structured questionnaires and open questions. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t test and ANOVA. The result, indicated that the major job stressors in ER nurses confronting SARS crisis were negative editorial reports to nurses, wearing protective equipment for a long working time, wearing and taking off protective equipment diversely when get in or out isolated division, inexperienced, unknown and feared of SARS, and the serious and critical condition of patients with SARS. The major stress responses were restlessness, anxiety, fatigue, easily upset, anger and irritability. The major coping strategies included watching TV or reading, discussing problems with coworkers, problem solving, discussing problems with family, and drinking caffeine drinks. Strategies helpful felt by the subjects were problem solving, discussing problems with coworkers, watching TV or reading, taking vacation, discussing problems with family, progressive relaxation techniques, and drinking caffeine drinks. There were significant positive correlations between job stress and stress responses and the frequency of coping strategies. In addition, a significant positive relationship was noted between the frequency of positive coping strategies and the effect of coping. Characteristics of population among subjects in job stress, stress responses and coping measures reached significant difference level. The study findings can serve as references for newly emerged illnesses in future. Hopefully, this study can assist nurses be aware of self-stress early and establish appropriate coping strategies, and the quality of medical care could be improved accordingly. |
