| Abstract: | 青少年的眼睛疾病在台灣及全世界都很常見，然而有關青少年眼睛疾病的臨床分析報告卻不多見。本研究主要的目的是針對某中部醫學中心眼科門診中，青少年的眼睛疾病進行統計及分析，藉以了解青少年常見的眼睛疾病，以策防治之道。
民國九十一年一月至十二月前往中山醫學大學附設醫院眼科門診就醫的青少年，年齡從11到21歲，總共收集2711人( 4540人次)。研究顯示，以就診人數與就診人次而言，屈光不正都是最常見的眼睛疾病(27.5%及27.8%)，其次是結膜炎(22.7%及20.3%)，再其次為眼部外傷(19.2%及19.7%)。
以性別來分析，就診人數在男性較多的眼睛疾病：包括結膜炎、眼部外傷、眼瞼發炎疾病、青光眼、視網膜剝離、眼窩炎；就診人數在女性較多的眼睛疾病：包括而屈光不正、角膜炎、斜視、週邊視網膜變性、弱視、虹膜睫狀體炎、白內障、甲狀腺眼病變、糖尿病視網膜病變。男女性別在眼睛疾病之就診人數分佈上，有統計學上顯著差異。
以年齡層來分析，就診人數在早期青少年較多的眼睛疾病：包括屈光不正、結膜炎、斜視、弱視、虹膜睫狀體炎、白內障、眼窩炎；就診人數在晚期青少年較多的眼睛疾病：包括眼部外傷、角膜炎、週邊視網膜變性、眼瞼發炎疾病、青光眼、視網膜剝離、甲狀腺眼病變、糖尿病視網膜病變。
本研究總結，在眼科門診中，青少年以屈光不正、結膜炎、眼部外傷為最主要的眼睛疾病。而青少年常見的眼睛疾病，根據年齡層及性別分析，則疾病的分佈有所不同，可為日後台灣青少年眼睛醫療保健，提供相關的參考資訊。
Eye diseases in adolescents are common in Taiwan and worldwide. However, there are few clinical analytical reports until now. The purpose of this study was to investigate and to analyze the clinical data of the common eye diseases in adolescent patients of the ophthalmologic outpatient department at a medical center in central Taiwan.
A total of 2711 adolescent patients with 4540 total visits, from 11 to 21 years old, were collected from the Ophthalmologic Outpatient Department of the Chung Shan Medical University Hospital from January to December 2002. Results reveal that the most common eye disease in adolescents is refractive error, followed by conjunctivitis and eye trauma in both patient and visit numbers.
Stratified by sex, the eye diseases with more patient numbers in male are conjunctivitis, eye trauma, inflammation of eyelids, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and orbital cellulitis. On the other hand, the eye diseases with more patient numbers in female are refractive error, keratitis, strabismus, peripheral retinal degeneration, amblyopia, iridocyclitis, cataract, thyroid ophthalmopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. The distribution of eye diseases between male and female is statistically significant difference with respect to patient numbers.
Stratified by age, there are more patient numbers in the early stage of adolescence in the following eye diseases, including refractive error, conjunctivitis, strabismus, amblyopia, iridocyclitis, cataract, and orbital cellulitis. There are more patient numbers in the late stage of adolescence in the following eye diseases, including eye trauma, keratitis, peripheral retinal degeneration, inflammation of eyelids, glaucoma, retinal detachment, thyroid ophthalmopathy, and diabetic retinopathy.
In conclusion, refractive error, conjunctivitis and eye trauma are three major eye diseases in adolescents at the ophthalmologic outpatient department. The results of this study on distribution of eye diseases in different age groups and genders provide baseline information for the future eye care in adolescents in Taiwan. |
