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    Title: RU486(Mifepristone)(美服培酮)合併使用口服前列腺素Cytotec(Misoprostol,PGE1)對於早期懷孕之藥物人工流產的治療成效
    RU486(Mifepristone) combined with Cytotec(Misoprostol) for medical abortion in first-trimester pregnant women
    Authors: 陳國嶸
    KUO-JUNG CHEN
    Contributors: 中山醫學院:醫學研究所;林隆堯
    Keywords: 美服培酮;前列腺素;藥物流產;保諾錠;終止妊娠;人工流產
    Mifepristone;Misoprostol;RU486;Cytotec;Medical abortion;Apano;Complete medical abortion;termination
    Date: 2001
    Issue Date: 2010-05-04T03:27:46Z (UTC)
    Abstract: 研究目的 :
    過去對於早期懷孕的孕婦,若想要終止妊娠,絕大多數都是採用子宮內膜搔刮術 (D&C),但是自從RU486 (Mifeprostone) (美服培酮) 在西元2001年於台灣合法上市以來,提供了這類病人另一種選擇。本實驗是將各種不同條件之早期懷孕的孕婦,想要藉由藥物來人工終止懷孕的病人,給予口服RU486(Mifepristone)及Cytotec(Misoprostol),期望能將其結果做為日後臨床應用的基準。
    研究方法與材料 :
    本實驗為一個 回顧性描述型研究 ( Retrospective Descriptive study ),於西元2001年7月1日至2002年4月30日間,收集中山醫學大學附設醫院婦產科,兩個院區門診單位的就診病人,由病史、妊娠週數、經腹部或陰道超音波檢查有子宮內妊娠囊 (IUGS),確定診斷為早期子宮內懷孕,並且要求使用藥物人工流產的患者,在符合RU486及Cytotec的使用標準之下,解釋過RU486藥物人工流產及子宮內膜搔刮術 (D&C) 人工流產的差異,並簽署藥物人工流產同意書之後,才收入此實驗之中。
    本實驗要先排除下列有禁忌症的患者 : (1)慢性腎上腺衰竭者、肝臟衰竭或營養不良者。(2)已知對RU486 (Mifepristone)或其他內含物會產生過敏者。(3)長期併用類固醇治療者。(4)罹患出血性疾病或併用抗凝血劑治療者。(5)尚未經由超音波掃描或血液尿液等生化檢測確認懷孕者。(6)懷孕日數超過七週者。(7)疑似子宮外孕者。(8)因前列腺素藥物而產生的禁忌者(如已知對前列腺素過敏)、現有或曾有心血管疾病的人(如心絞痛、雷諾氏症候群、心律不整、心臟衰竭、嚴重高血壓)。(9)遺傳性咯紫質沉著症患者。(10)年紀超過35歲及一天抽煙超過10支。
    在繳費領藥後,於門診醫護人員面前,先服下3顆 Mifepristone ( 保諾錠Apano 200 mg ) 共600毫克 (mg) ;然後在36到48小時之後回診,在門診醫護人員面前再服下3顆 前列腺素Misoprostol ( Cytotec 200 mcg ) 共600 微克 (mcg) ;在服用前列腺素Cytotec及服用後3小時內,病人應留在醫療院所內觀察,因為妊娠組織有可能在幾個小時內或接下來的幾天內排出。通常出血會持續到下一次的回診,因此病人應有隨時就醫的準備,患者應在2週內回門診追蹤超音波,或其他血液、尿液檢查,已確定藥物人工流產之完全。在所有的就診過程當中,詳實的記錄患者的年齡、妊娠週數、超音波掃瞄結果、嘔吐及陰道出血之合併症,以作為影響治療效果的因子評估。
    研究的測量方法 :
    完成整個Mifepristone及Misoprostol的治療過程之後,兩週內回門診檢查,以〝 超音波檢查未再發現有子宮內妊娠囊(IUGS) 〞,視為藥物人工流產成功。
    研究結果 :
    實驗期間總計收入了156個孕婦,她們各有不同年齡、孕次、產次、妊娠週數、超音波掃瞄結果及治療過程合併症 ( Table 2 )。她們的平均年齡是29.60 ± 6.69歲 ( Table 4 ),其中有85個孕婦 ( 85 / 156 = 54.49 % ) 未生育過。然而有12個孕婦 ( 12 / 156 = 7.69 % ),因為有持續性陰道出血 或 持續懷孕 ( ongoing pregnancy ) 有子宮內妊娠囊IUGS(+) ( 2 / 156 = 1.28 % ),因而施以子宮內膜搔刮術 ( D&C ),來達到完全人工流產的結果,所以藥物人工流產成功率為98.72 % ( 154 / 156 ),完全未接受外科手術流產處理的為92.31 % ( 144 / 156 )。此外,有一個患者因服用Cytotec時發生嚴重嘔吐,將Cytotec全部吐出來,故再服用重覆劑量的Cytotec 600 微克。另有一個患者因為嚴重貧血 ( Hb = 6.8 ),而住院輸血治療三天。
    此外,將這12個接受 子宮內膜搔刮術 ( D&C ) 的孕婦之 各項資料,以〝邏輯式迴歸 (logistic regression) 〞來分析,發現孕婦 的 年齡、孕次、產次 及 人工流產的次數,皆無統計上的顯著意義, ( P 值 分別為 0.26 , 0.81 , 0.79 , 0.83 , 0.84 ) ( Table 6 ), 故可推論 這些因子 應與造成藥物流產之失敗無關。
    討論 :
    想藉由藥物來人工終止懷孕的病人,給予口服Apano (保諾錠) ( Mifepristone ) 600 毫克 及Cytotec ( Misoprostol ) 600 微克 來做藥物人工流產,其效果是相當另人滿意的 ( 98.72 % )。然而,此研究中有12個孕婦 ( 7.69 %) 後來以 子宮內膜搔刮術 (D&C) 來完成人工流產,因為患者在服用RU486與Cytotec之後仍持續有陰道出血,但是為了人工流產能完全成功,故放棄繼續追蹤,而施以子宮內膜搔刮術處理;在這12個接受子宮內膜搔刮術的個案當中,只有2個孕婦是追蹤超過14天仍有陰道出血 ( vaginal bleeding ) ( 2 / 156 = 1.28 % ),有2個孕婦是持續性懷孕 ( ongoing pregnancy ) ( 2 / 156 = 1.28 % )。所以,若在服藥後能有2週的追蹤,以Mifepristone併用Misoprostol來做藥物流產,其效果將會更令人滿意 (154 / 156 = 98.72 %)。
    此研究中有49個孕婦 ( 31.41 % = 49 / 156 )是小於25歲的,顯見生育控制與避孕仍是需要加以注意的課題,若能加強避孕措施,當可減少因不慎懷孕而需要做人工流產 ( artificial abortion ) 的機會。
    此外,本研究中有 54.49 % ( 85 / 156 ) 是 未經產的 ( nulliparous ),RU486的上市,提供了婦女們另一種 非侵襲性 ( non-invasive ) 的方式 來進行人工流產,除了可以避免 手術中與手術後的併發症 及 麻醉的風險,同時也可以減少因 子宮內膜搔刮術 造成子宮內膜傷害 所導致的無月經、月經量過少 或 次發性不孕症 的機會。
    Objective :
    Evaluation of the effectiveness of RU486 (Misipristone) combined with oral Cytotec (Misoprostol) for medical abortion in first-trimester pregnant women .
    Methods and Materials :
    A retrospective descriptive study of the patients visited to the outpatient departments of OB / GYN , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital between 1 July 2001 and 30 April 2002 . The patients were diagnosed as intrauterine pregnancy in first-trimester by their past history , last menstrual period , present illness , gestational age , transabdominal sonography or transvaginal sonographic findings . The maternal age , gestational age , complications and sonographic findings were recorded for prognostic evaluation . All patients were included in this study when first-trimester intrauterine pregnancy was diagnosed , then oral mifepristone 600 mg and oral cytotec (misoprostol) 600 micrograms were taken . The patients followed-up in Chang-Shan Medical University Hospital OPD of OB / GYN by transabdominal or transvaginal sonography within 2 weeks . Review the successful rate of medical abortion by oral mifepristone 600 mg and oral cytotec (misoprostol) 600 micrograms .
    Main Outcome Measurement :
    No intrauterine gestational sac was found by ultrasonographic finding means successful medical abortion , and complete medical abortion of first-trimester pregnancy without surgical intervention (D&C) was measured .
    Results :
    One hundred and fifty-six patients with different age , gestational age , parity , gravidity , sonographic findings and complications . Mean age of patients is 29.60±6.69 years old ; and 54.49 % of the cases were nulliparous . ( Table 4 ) Because patients asked for complete artificial abortion and unsatisfactory vaginal bleeding was persistent , 12 patients ( 12 / 156 = 7.69 % ) were received D&C procedure under the impression of incomplete abortion ( 10 / 156 = 6.41 % ) or ongoing pregnancy ( 2 / 156 = 1.28 % ) . The successful rate of oral Apano ( mifepristone ) 600 mg and oral cytotec ( misoprostol ) 600 micrograms is 98.72 % ( 154 / 156 ) , and the complete abortion rate without surgical intervention is 92.31% ( 144 / 156 ) . One patient was admitted for 3 days due to severe anemia ( Hb = 6.8 ) , and blood transfusion with 4 units pack-RBC was performed . Severe vomiting occurred in one patient after cytotec taken and then this patient took cytotec 600 mcg repeatedly .
    Discussion :
    Oral Apano ( mifepristone ) 600 mg combined with oral cytotec ( misoprostol ) 600 micrograms for medical abortion is effective in first-trimester pregnant women ( successful rate : 98.72 % ) . However , patients ask for complete artificial abortion and unsatisfactory vaginal bleeding is persistent or ongoing pregnancy would result in medical abortion failure . The complete abortion rate without surgical intervention is 92.31% ( 144 / 156 ) . If 8 patients were excluded due to the induction to abortion interval is less than 2 weeks , the complete abortion rate of medical abortion without surgical intervention would increase to 97.44 % ( 152 / 156 ) . Oral Apano ( mifepristone ) 600 mg and oral cytotec ( misoprostol ) 600 micrograms could be an alternative method for medical abortion in first-trimester pregnancy because of non-invasive and less complication .
    URI: http://140.128.138.153:8080/handle/310902500/1371
    Appears in Collections:[醫學研究所] 博碩士論文

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