本文係基於筆者對臺灣現今經濟政策偏向於新自由主義之憂慮，試圖探尋新自由主義者宣稱源於亞當斯密之支持自由市場及反對政府干涉的主張，是否係確實源自於亞當斯密。而馬克思《1844年經濟學哲學手稿》(下文簡稱《手稿》)中關於亞當斯密形象的呈現，與亞當斯密真實形象是否存在落差？此外，本文亦欲探尋亞當斯密與馬克思之間，對於自由市場以及政府干涉之立場是否非屬對立極端，進而檢視亞當斯密是否有相類似於馬克思(社會主義)般對公平、正義有所追求。本文試圖透過此些工作，重新定位亞當斯密的思想與學說。 透過具體分析馬克思《手稿》與亞當斯密《國富論》之文本，本文發現馬克思於《手稿》中所呈現之亞當斯密形象，與亞當斯密《國富論》所呈現之形象存在落差。其實，亞當斯密並不支持全然自由之市場，亦不拒斥政府干涉之可能，於公平、正義方面與馬克思同樣有所追求。是以，亞當斯密與馬克思於自由市場及政府干涉之立場是否如此對立？抑或兩者之分歧僅在於關懷主體的不同，馬克思關懷人的類本質是否受到異化；而亞當斯密則關懷人民與政府能否有豐富的收入？本文透過比對這兩位思想家以重新定位亞當斯密，並同時希望能夠給予臺灣在探討經濟政策之方向時有不同的思考。
This thesis was on account of the anxiety to author about Taiwan economic policy tends to neoliberalism in nowadays. Attempting to seek the proposition, that supporting free market and resist government intervention, claimed to be from Adam Smith by neoliberalist whether indubitably be from Adam Smith. This thesis discussed whether there was difference between the Adam Smith’s image in Marx’s Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 (Manuscripts) and the real Adam Smith. Furthermore, whether there was epistemological dichotomy between Marx and Adam Smith about position on free market and government intervention would also be verified. At last, this thesis viewed whether Adam Smith had pursuit of equity and justice corresponded with Marx (socialism). This thesis tried to reposition Adam Smith thesis by these work. This thesis discovered that difference existed between Adam Smith image in Marx’s Manuscripts and in Adam Smith’s An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by concretely analyzing these two texts. In fact, Adam Smith was not fully support of free market and rejected the feasibility of government intervention. Also, Adam Smith and Marx had the same quest for equity and justice. Therefore, Adam Smith and Marx hold different aspect toward free market and government intervention? Or the only branching of them were different from subject, Marx was concerned about alienation of species being; however, Adam Smith was concerned about revenue of people and state? This thesis repositioned Adam Smith by comparison between Marx and Adam Smith. Moreover, author hopes to render different aspect regarding economic policy in Taiwan by this thesis.
